Eagles Nest BBS 5/Eagles_Nest_Mac_Collection_Disc_5.TOAST/7th-College/StudWaFBio25/StudyWare™ for Biology.image/Data/GLOSSARY.DEF

Text File | 1990-04-14 | 28KB | 1,274 lines

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--the transmission of qualities from ancestor to descendent
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--combined with oxygen
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--a substance that initiates a chemical reaction and enables it
to proceed under different conditions than otherwise possible
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--carbohydrates that can be decomposed by hydrolysis into two or
more molecules of monosaccharides
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--minute cylindrical structures in cells that are widely
distributed in protoplasm and are made up of protein subunits
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--a specialized cellular part found in a cell; analagous to an
organ. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and ribosomes are examples of
organelles.
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--numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and
catalyze specific bio-chemical reactions at body temperatures
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--does not have a distinct nucleus
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--composed of one or more cells with visibly evident nuclei
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--a round or long cellular organelle that is found outside the
nucleus, produces energy for the cell through cellular
respiration;it is rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
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--the protoplasm of a cell outside the nuclear membrane
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--a pair of cellular organelles that are adjacent to the nucleus,
function in the formation of the mitotic apparatus, and consist
of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged in a circle
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--living, active, or occurring in the absence of free oxygen
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--containing three carboxyl groups in the molecule
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--an enzymatically controlled transformation of an organic
compound
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--the process of combining with phosphoric acid or a
phosphorous-containing group
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--Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-a coenzyme of some flavoproteins
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--a phosphorylated nucleoside of adenine that supplies energy for
many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic
hydrolysis
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--the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate by use of phosphate
derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and
energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP
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--Adenosine Diphosphate-an ester of adenosine that is reversibly
converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a
high-energy phosphate group
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--the radical of acetic acid
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--plastids that contain chlorophyll and are the site of
photosynthesis and starch formation
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--synthesis of chemical compounds with the aid of radiant energy,
especially light
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--oxidation involving the production of carbon dioxide during
photosynthesis
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--quantums of radiant energy
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--synthesis that occurs in a plant using radiant energy absorbed
during photosynthesis
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--the base on which an organism lives;or --a substance acted upon
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--a thermostable nonprotein compound that forms the active
portion of an enzyme system after combination with an apoenzyme
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--relating to the activity of a protein by combination with
another substance at a point other than the chemically active
site
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--the initial stage of mitosis or meiosis
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--the interval between the end of one mitotic or meiotic division
and the start of another
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--a stage of mitosis and meiosis
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--the final stage of mitosis; or --a stage in meiosis, usually
the final
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--a stage of mitosis and meiosis
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--having the basic number of chromosomes doubled
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--having the basic number of chromosomes halved
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--internal secretion that inhibits mitosis in a specific tissue
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--having the same relative position or structure
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--a group of four cells
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--a mature male or female germ cell
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--a base that is a constituent of DNA or RNA
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--a base that is a constituent of DNA or RNA
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--basic structural units of RNA and DNA
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--the combination of an operator and the structural genes it
regulates
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--a chrystaline sulfur-containing essential amino acid
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--a heat-stable soluble basic antiviral glycoprotein of low
molecular weight
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--the transfer of genetic determinants from one microorganism to
another by a viral agent
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--any of various specific bacteriolytic viruses
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--cycle of virus reproduction which harbors a prophage as
hereditary material
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definition deleted
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definition deleted
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--the visible properties of an organism that are produced by
the interaction of the genotype and the environment
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--all or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or
group
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--a pair of alternative Mendelian characters; or --a group of
genes that occur alternatively at a given locus
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--positions of genes and alleles in a chromosome
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definition deleted
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--a small two-winged fly
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--the cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes
in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half
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--a cell formed by the union of two gametes
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--a sex-linked hereditary blood defect almost exclusively of
males
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--the beginning or undeveloped state of something
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--any of several intracellular hemoprotein respiratory pigments
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--relating to the course of development of something
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--any of a family of bipedal primate mammals
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--having a spinal column
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--a complex tissue in the vascular system of higher plants
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--a complex tissue in the vascular system of higher plants
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--a thin formative layer between the xylem and phloem of most
vascular plants
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--falling off seasonally or at a certain stage of development in
the life cycle
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--the innermost tissue of the cortex in many roots and stems
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--minute openings in the epidermis of a plant organ through which
"breathing" takes place
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--increase in numbers
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--the individual or generation of a plant exhibiting alternation
of generations that bears sex organs
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--a vascular plant having the seeds in a closed ovary
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--a small egg in an early stage of growth
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--the part of a stamen that develops and contains pollen
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--the part of the pistil of a flower which receives the pollen
grains and on which they germinate
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--the primary bud of a plant embryo
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--the first pair of leaves developed by the embryo of a plant
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--a tissue in seed plants formed within the embryo sac
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--the lower part of the axis of a plant seedling
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--the part of the axis of a plant seedling below the cotyledon
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--beginning to grow
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--having at least one stamin
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--having a carpel
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--relating to both stomach and intestine
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--a dark brown or black animal or plant pigment
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--fatty lubricant matter secreted by glands of the skin
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--solid acohols widely distributed in animal and plant lipids
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--a reddish yellow pigment occurring in bile, blood, urine, and
gallstones
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--a green pigment occurring in bile
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--a hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa that regulates the
emptying of the gallbladder and secretion of enzymes by the
pancreas
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--a yellow or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and passed
into the duodenum
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--a pancreatec proteinase that acts on proteins by breaking
internal peptide bonds
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--the last division of the small intestine
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--between an atrium and venticle of the heart
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--that which engulfs foreign material and consumes debris and
foreign bodies
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--white blood cell
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--a leucocyte or other granulocyte readily stained by eosin
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--a leucocyte with basophilic granules
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--a finely granular cell that is the cief phagocytic leucocyte of
the blood
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--a large phagocytic leucocyte with basophilic cytoplasm
containing faint eosinophilic granulations
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--colorless weakly motile cells produced in lymphoid tissue
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--a phagocytic tissue cell that functions in the protection of
the body against infection and noxious substances
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--fever-producing substances
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--vertibrate serum proteins
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--a compound found in many animal tissues probably responsible
for dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels which
play a major role in allergic reactions
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--a basic bacteriolytic protein that is present in egg white and
in human tears and saliva and that functions as a mucolytic
enzyme
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--urination
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--an iron-containing conjugated protein respiratory pigment
occurring in the red blood cells of vertebrates
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--a ciliate protozoan that has an elongate body rounded at the
anterior end and an oblique funnel-shaped buccal groove bearing
the mouth at the extremity
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--relating to the thorax
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--a multinucleate mass of protoplasm resulting from fusion of
cells
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--contractile elements of a muscle cell that are composed of
myosin and actin
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--a unit of striated muscle fibrils
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--a protein of muscle that is active in muscular contraction
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--a fibrous globulin of muscle that can split ATP
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--a protein of muscle that forms a complex with troponin
regulating the interaction of actin and myosin in muscular
contraction
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--a protein of muscle that forms part of a regulatory protein
complex with tropomyosin controlling the interaction of actin and
myosin
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--the cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber
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--a red iron-containing protein pigment in muscles that is
similar to hemoglobin
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--large spaces under the arachnoid membrane; or --interconnected
flattened vesicles or tubules comprising the endoplasmic
reticulum
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--relating to the wall of the body
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--being an axon arising from a cell body within an autonomic
ganglion
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--a compound released at autonomic nerve endings
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--masses of nerve tissue containing nerve cells external to the
brain or spinal cord
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--successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the
walls of the intestine or other hollow muscular srructure and
forcing the contents onward
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--relating to the endocrine gland or secretion
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--process of releasing some material
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--relating to a secretion that is released outside its source
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--impaired or abnormal functioning
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--forming a gastrula, an early metazoan embryo
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--origin and development of bodily organs
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--the middle of the three primary germ layers of an embryo
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--a vascular fetal membrane
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--formation and maturation of the egg
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--an egg before maturation; or --a female gametocyte
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--relating to meiosis
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--first created or developed
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--the process of male gamete formation including meiosis and
transformation of the four resulting spermatids into spermatozoa
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--the embryo-forming portion of an egg with discoidal cleavage
usually appearing as a small disc on the upper surface of the
yolk mass
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--cellular organisms that do not have distinct nuclei
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--not living
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--a coloring matter in plants and animals especially in a cell or
tissue; or --any of various related colorless substances
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--one haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain
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--causing agents of disease
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--consisting of diatoms or their remains
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--emitting light
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--plants made up of algae and fungus growing in a symbiotic
relationship on a solid surface
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--marine plankton usually solitary phytoflagellates that include
luminescent forms, forms important in marine food chains, and
forms causing red tide
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--any of a group of unicellular or acelluar organisms
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--relating to a channel for the conveyance of a body fluid
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--plural of genus
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--a showy gymnospermous tree of eastern China with fan-shaped
leaves and yellow fruit often grown as a shade tree
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--nonflowering plants comprising the mosses and liverworts
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--radially symetrical coelomate marine animals including the
starfishes, sea urchins, and related forms
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--chordates that have an outgrowth in the proboscis
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--segments of a tapeworm containing both male and female
reproductive organs
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--any of a class or phylum of elongated cylindrical worms
parasitic in animals or plants or free-lining in soil or water
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--animals having at least at some stage of development a
notochord,dorsally situated central nervous system, and gill
clefts and including the vertebrates, lancelets, and tunicates
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--relating to internal organs located in the lower torso
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--any of a family of mostly extinct fishes
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--those which have hooves
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--the large front portion of the brain
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--feeding on both animal and vegetable substances
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--the complex of a community and its environment functioning as
an ecological unit in nature
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--relating to an atom or group of atoms which has a positive or
negative charge
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--nonionic; formed by shared electrons
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--a sweet, syrupy alcohol
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--a coenzyme
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--the sum of the processes in the buildup and destruction of
protoplasm
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--requiring expenditure of energy
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--round or long cellular organelles that are found outside the
nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular
respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
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--RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein
synthesis
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--an element of the germ plasm having a specific function in
inheritance
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--a process that results in the formation of two new nuclei each
having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
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--each member of a pair of sister chromosomes joined by a single
centromere
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--the point on a chromosome by which it attaches to the spindle
in mitosis
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--the paralleled alignment of homologous chromosomes during the
first division of meiosis
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--a harmless bacteria found in the intestines
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--an offspring of two animals or plants of different varieties
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--not a sex gene
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--small, degenerate, imperfectly developed in comparison to one
more fully developed
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--any change in the genetic constitution of an organism
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--hidden by the contrasting dominant allele
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--determining the phenotype of a heterozygous individual
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--not sex chromosomes
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--a complex structure present in the nucleus of a eucaryotic
cell, composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins; and bearing part of the
genetic information of the cell
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--transfer of a part of a chromosome to a different part of a
homologous or nonhomologous chromosome
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--an organism or one of its parts composed of cells of more than
one genotype
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--outside the nucleus
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--chromosomes that consist of many parallel, identical chromatids
that remain paired through repeated duplication. i.e. Fly
salivary gland chromosomes are polytene.
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--transmitted by a gene in the nonhomologous portion of the Y
chromosome
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--having different alleles of a given gene on the pair of
homologous chromosomes carrying that gene
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--having identical alleles of a given gene on both homologous
chromosomes
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--an angiosperm plant in which the embryo produces two leaves
prior to germination
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--a plant in which the embryo produces but a single seed leaf
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--a woody vascular seed plant that produces naked seeds not
enclosed in an ovary and that in some instances has motile
spermatozoids
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--in plants, a chemical substance that regulates growth by
affecting cell elongation
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--in plants, a natural growth regulator that promotes the
ripening of fruit
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--a plant tissue characterized by cell division through which
specialized plant tissues are formed
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--the loss of water through the leaves of a plant
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--the pressure in a plant cell as a result of the osmotic
concentration of the cell
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--the external, usually green or leafy part of a flower
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--all of the petals of a flower
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--the anther-bearing stalk of a stamen
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--a pointed sheath covering the shoot of a grass seedling
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--the stalk bearing the stigma; or --a stalk of the pistil on
flowering plants
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--in plants a large haploid spore that produces a female
gametophyte
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--in plants, a small haploid spore that produces a male
gemetophyte
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--the external envelope of a flower especially when not
differentiated as a calyx and corolla
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--the portion of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling above the
cotyledonary node
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--relating to the chief artery or pair of arteries that pass up
the neck and supply the head with blood
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--a plasma protein produced in the liver
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--an enzyme
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--a globulin that is produced in the liver
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--a white insoluble fibrous protein
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--a complex protein
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--the lymphatic vessels arising from the villi of the small
intestine
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--narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels
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--relating to a bodily humor, such as a hormone
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--substances capable of stimulating an immune response
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--situated or extending between the ribs
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--lining each half of a mammal`s thorax and folded back
over the surface of the lung of the same side
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--a fibrous protein found in bone and connective tissue
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--the flexible organic material of the exoskeleton of insects and
other arthropods, consisting of a polysaccharide-protein complex
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--lacking a myelin sheath
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--relating to the annular suspension of the lens of the eye
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--colorless plastids especially in the cytoplasm of interior
plant tissues that are potentially capable of developing into
chromoplasts
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--cytoplasmic organelles of photosynthetic cells that serve in
many cases as centers of special metabolic activities
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--extrachromosomal rings of DNA that replicate artonomously in
bacteria
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--aggregates of colloidal droplets held together by electrostatic
attractive forces
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--not free to move about
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--flowering plants; or --seeds contained in an ovary
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--the individual or generation of a plant exhibiting alternation
of generations that bears asexual spores
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--coral islands consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon
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--the total weight of living organisms found in a given area
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--professionals who classify plants and animals according to
their presumed natural relationships
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--a nonmetallic element that is the simplest and lightest of the
elements, is normally a colorless odorless highly flammable
diatomic gas, and is used especially in synthesis
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--not living
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--living
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--an interaction of chemical entities causing a transformation or
change
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--a substance regarded as a means of transmission of a force or
effect
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--a chemical reaction involving union between molecules often
with elimination of a simple molecule to form a new more complex
compound of often greater molecular weight
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--an extremely complex organic compound composed of amino acids
with many different common side chains
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--of or relating to nitrogen
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--a microscopic mass of protoplasm bounded by a semipermeable
membrane, usually including one or more nuclei
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--a thin, soft, pliable layer usually of a plant or an animal
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--one of the fundamental particles of matter that carries a
negative electric charge and is normally found within orbitals
surrounding the nucleus of an atom
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--the smallest particle of a substance that retains all the
properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms
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--a permutation of a set of ordered elements in which each
element takes the place of the next and the last becomes first
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--a sweet, colorless soluble sugar that occurs widely in nature
and is the usual form in which carbohydrate is assimilated by
animals
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--plant chloroplasts that are composed of protein and lipid and
are the sites of the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis
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--colorless proteinaceous matrix of a chloroplast in which
chlorphyll-containing lamellae are embedded
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--the production of a substance by the union of chemical
compounds
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--a photochemical reaction occurring in chloroplasts
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--a compound with a structure that consists essentially of four
pyrrole rings joined by four =C- groups
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--an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
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--a state of balance
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--to interfere with or to slow the progress of
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--to cause or to facilitate the beginning of
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--participating in or catalyzing only one or a few chemical
reactions
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--an attractive force that holds together atoms, ions, or groups
of atoms in a molecule or a crystal, usually represented in
formulas by a line or a dot
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--without water
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--singular-bacterium-a cell with a simple DNA molecule not
contained in a nuclear membrane, that has a cell wall, and does
not carry on photosynthesis
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--an antibiotic acid that is produced by molds
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--existing, occurring, or functioning within a protoplasmic
cell
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--reproduction
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--next to or having a common endpoint or border
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--a pyrimidine base that is one of the four bases coding genetic
information in the polynucleotide chain of RNA
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--a mutation in which a purine(A or G) replaces a
pyrimidine(T or C)
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--a molecule that serves as a pattern for the generation of
another macromolecule
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--polynucleotide sequences in a nucleic acid that does not code
information for protein synthesis and is removed before
translation of messenger RNA
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--sequences of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is expressed as all
or part of the polypeptide chain of a protein
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--a "triplet" of three nucleotides in messenger RNA that directs
the order of a particular amino acid in a protein molecule
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--a "triplet" of nucleotides in transfer RNA that is able to pair
with a codon, thus arranging transfer RNA to the proper site on
the messenger RNA
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--a purine base that codes hereditary information in the genetic
code in DNA and RNA
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--a pentose sugar that is a structural elememt of DNA
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--a purine base that codes genetic information in the
polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA
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281
--a pyrimidine base that codes genetic information in the
polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA
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282
--a pyrimidine base that is one of the four bases coding genetic
information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA
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283
--any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as
structural components and are associated with the control of
cellular chemical activities
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284
--any of various nucleic acids that are the molecular basis of
heredity in many organisms
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--the genetically active portion of chromatin that is largely
composed of genes
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--densely staining chromatin that apears as nodules in or along
chromosomes and contains relatively few genes
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--an ultramicroscopic particle that can reproduce only inside of
living cells, and does not contain organelles equivalent to those
of a cell
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--relating to disintegration
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--a hormone synthesized in the islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas which regulates the level of glucose in the blood
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--complete virus particles that consist of RNA or DNA cores, and
that are the extracellular infective forms of a virus
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--genetically transmitted from parent to offspring
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--relationship in quantity, amount, or size between two or more
things
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--coloration with or deposition of pigment
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--being fully expressed in the heterozygous condition
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--heterozygous at two genetic loci
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--rate of occurrence
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--the preserved remains of an organism from prehistoric times
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--formed from fragments deposited by water
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--moving from one stage to another
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--the green photosynthetic coloring matter of plants found in
chloroplasts
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--an agent that directly influences the activity of living
protoplasm
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--an asexual reproductive cell capable of developing into an
adult plant without the fusion of gametes
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--pollination; or --union of two germ cells whereby the somatic
chromosome number is restored and the development of a new
individual is initiated
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--part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the
rectum
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--a microscopic lipid particle common in the blood during fat
digestion and assimilation
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--to become wide, expand
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--any of the body immunoglobulins that are produced in response
to specific antigens and that counteract their effects
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--to release
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--any of various compounds that counteract histamine in the body
and that are used for treating allergic reactions and cold
symptoms
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--a mucopolysaccharide sulfuric acid ester that is found
especially in liver and that prolongs the clotting time of blood
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--derived from a single cell
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--coating of foreign cells with an antibody that makes them
more susceptible to to the action of the phagocytes
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--hemoglobin loosely combined with oxygen that it releases to
the tissues
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--a stable state of equilibrium between different
but interdependent elements
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--a body partition of muscle and connective tissue that
separates the chest and abdominal cavities in mammals
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--the shortening and thickening of a functioning muscle or
muscle fiber
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--united with another compound
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--a translucent elastic tissue
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--translucent bluish_white cartilage
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--a glandular structure of largely lymphoid tissue
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--a membranous cellular tissue that covers a free surface orlines
a tube or cavity of an animal body
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--between or about
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--marked by transverse dark and light bands and made up
of elongated fibers
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--large multinucleate cells in developing bone that are
associated with the dissolution of unwanted bone
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--the capability of a strained body to recover its size and
shapeafter deformation
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--the ends of long bones
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--the intercellular substance in which tissue cells are embedded
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--small bars, rods, bundles of fibers, or septal membranes in the
framework of a body organ or part; or --folds, ridges, or bars
projecting into or extending out from a plant part
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--small cavities
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--a grayish or reddish granular cell with specialized processes
that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue
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--an automatic, inborn action, involving only a few neurons, in
which motor response swiftly follows a sensory stimulus
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--any of numerous compounds including the sterols and various
hormones and glycosides
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--a chemical product secreted by an endocrine gland into the
blood that triggers physiologic activity of organs in other parts
of the body
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--central part of an organ or structure
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--a large endocrine gland at the base of the neck
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--cell or group of cells that removes materials from the
blood, concentrates or alters them, and then secretes
them for further use
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--a small cavity or deep narrow-mouthed depression
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--the condition of being or becoming capable of sexual
activity. Puberty is marked by development of secondary
sexual characteristics, and (in the female) menstruation.
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--production of eggs, or discharge of eggs from an ovary
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340
--act or process of making fertile. Any process whereby
impregnation takes place.
$
341
definition deleted
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--man-made or artificial
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--an assumption tentatively made in order to test the
consequences of that assumption.
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--wide range of photosynthetic plants; most, but not all,
are unicellular.
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definition deleted
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--advancing a hypothesis as an essential element of a train
of reasoning
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definition deleted
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--gaseous element that constitutes some 78% of earth's
atmosphere
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--gaseous alkaline compound
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--long-tailed carnivore closely resembling American racoon;
also a large black and white Chinese mammal resembling a
bear (but actually also a member of the racoon family)
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--position of a species in the food chain
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--behavior pattern acquired by frequent repetition
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--modification so that an act previously associated with one
stimulus becomes associated with another
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--capable of being broken down into harmless constituents by
the action of living organisms (such as microorganisms)
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